Sand Tiger (Carcharias taurus)
grey nurse shark
Copyright © Richard Ellis 1997

There may be as many as six distinct species of sand tigers (odontaspids), of which O. taurus is the one found in American waters. The species nomenclature is confusing, because this is a fairly common shark in the waters of Australia, South Africa, South America, Japan, India, and China; and in some locations it has a different scientific name. The common names are confusing as well: in America C. taurus is called the sand tiger -- not to be confused with the tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvieri -- but in South Africa C. taurus is called the ragged-tooth. In Australia C. taurus, is called the grey nurse -- not to be confused with the nurse shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum.

Everyone agrees, though, that all the species closely resemble one another. These sharks have a staring yellow eye and a mouthful of the wickedest-looking teeth in sharkdom. They are grayish brown above, lighter below, and often have a series of irregular dark spots on the flanks. They have a pointed, slightly upturned snout, and teeth that are always erect and decidedly "fanglike." The fins are heavy and fleshy, often tipped with black on the posterior margins. The first dorsal is situated fairly far back, and is close to the second dorsal, which is almost as large as the first. The base of the tail is stocky. They reach a maximum length of about ten feet in the Atlantic, but larger ones have been reported in other locations. In some places they are considered harmless, while in others they are considered very dangerous. In American waters, Carcharias taurus is considered to be unaggressive and fairly easy to catch, and so it is often used as an aquarium specimen -- where its snaggle-toothed face makes it a popular shark for viewing and photography.

sand tiger shark
Copyright © Richard Ellis 1997

Sand tigers appear to be omnivorous, feeding on many fishes, including slow swimmers and bottom dwellers, and even crabs. They are ovoviviparous, which is the most common method of parturition in the galeoid sharks, but the embryos are also oviphagous ("egg-eating"), which is uncommon in any creature. Two embryos develop in the uterus, one in each side. Each embryo then consumes the eggs as they come down the oviduct, accounting for their large size at birth (about three feet).

Source: The Book of Sharks by Richard Ellis (with updates to scientific names)


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